Social Forces, States and World Orders Beyond International Relations Theory by Robert Cox

Social Forces, States and World Orders Beyond International Relations Theory by Robert Cox In his article, Robert Cox (1981) discusses the factors the shape the main peculiarities of international relations. Much attention should be paid to his assumption according to which the world order is shaped by social forces and institutions within countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory† by Robert Cox specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this particular context, the term world order can be depicted as a set of rules and principles that govern the interactions between the main actors of international politics (Cox 1981, p. 152). It seems that this argument is important for understanding the main trends in the global politics. These ideas should be discussed in greater detail. Overall, the scholar notes that the distinctions between the state and civic societies may not be relevant if one speaks about the foreign policy of a country. Traditionally, political scientists regard international relations as the expression of state interests and priorities such as the need to minimize or eliminate external threats (Cox 1981, p. 126). Nevertheless, the author believes that this separation of civic society and the state is not permissible. The writer provides various examples that can illustrate his argument; in particular, he discusses the system of international relations that emerged in the nineteenth century. It is now known as Pax Britannica. To some degree, it was the expression of values which were advocated by the middle class (Cox 1981, p. 141). Apart from that, much attention should be paid to the increasing of role of manufacturing capitalism in the nineteenth century (Cox 1981, p. 141). The author offers a model according to which social forces, forms of state, and existing world order are closely intertwined (Cox, 1981, p. 138). One should keep in mind that the author introduces the idea of transn ational social forces that manifest themselves in various regions of the world. To some degree, this premise can be accepted because social groups in different countries may have similar interests; moreover, they can set the norms governing international relations. It should be noted that this approach can be useful for understanding the way in which social forces and institutions affect international relations. Nevertheless, this approach may not be suitable for explaining the conflicting nature of international politics. For instance, the government can enter into alliances with countries in which different classes or institutions can play the dominant role.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, one should not overlook the role of conflicts within the civic society. These are some of the factors that Robert Cox does not consider. Moreover, his interpr etation minimizes the role that separate policy-maker can play. The decisions of these people can be affected by such factors as prejudice, ambition, or lack of relevant knowledge. Nevertheless, their actions can profoundly affect international relations. This is one of the issues that should be taken into account. On the whole, Robert Cox’s article can give readers useful tools for understanding the development of international relations. The author lays stress on the necessity to analyze the internal factors within the state, because they are often reflected in the foreign policies of a country. In particular, social forces can shape the norms and institutions that govern the interactions between states. In the author’s view, both civic society and state form international policies. However, the scholar does not examine the possibility of conflicts within a civic society. Moreover, his model cannot account for individual decisions taken by policy-makers. These are th e main aspects that can be singled out. Reference Cox, R 1981, ‘Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory’, Millennium Journal of International Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 126-155.

Discuss the theme of appearance and reality in Macbeth Essay

Discuss the theme of appearance and reality in Macbeth - Essay Example He is one who King Duncan trusts, and he has the favor of all his countrymen, but he betrays this trust and, for a while, everyone is deceived into believing that he mourns the death of Duncan as he seems to, that he killed the two guards out of his love for Duncan, and that will be a good ruler because he will think of the interests of the people, and not himself. The Thane of Cawdor was also a man who Duncan trusted, as he says in Act 1, Scene 4, â€Å"He was a gentleman on whom I built/An absolute trust†, but he, too, betrays that trust. Lady Macbeth is not suspected for her part in Duncan’s death, till she starts walking and talking in her sleeps, and ironically, Macduff wants to save her from hearing about it (2.3.85-88). Macduff himself is not trusted by his wife and Malcolm, because both believe him to be a traitor to the country, whereas, he is one who is willing to sacrifice all for his country, and it is he who later kills Macbeth. The sons who are suspected o f killing their fathers (Malcolm and Donalbain, and Fleance) also show how seeming truths are not always true. Images presented through language also play an important role in presenting the theme of appearances and reality. Numerous images conveying the idea of concealment occur in the speech of almost all the characters. Sometimes the concealment is in the form of clothes, where clothes supposedly hide what a person truly is. Thus Macbeth chides Ross for â€Å"dress[ing]† him â€Å"[i]n borrowed robes† (1.3.108-109) when Ross calls him the Thane of Cawdor. This is because he does not know that the Thane of Cawdor that was, no longer owns the title. Similarly, Macbeth talks of â€Å"put[ting] on manly readiness† (2.3.135), when the people are not really ready at all. Other forms of disguise also occur, such as masks: Macbeth tells the murderers he has hired, that he is â€Å"Masking the business from the common eye/For sundry weighty reasons† (3.1.125-126). Later, he

On The Bold and The Beautiful is Katie suffering from Postpartum Movie Review

On The Bold and The Beautiful is Katie suffering from Postpartum depression - Movie Review Example Moreover, Bill cheats on Katie with Steffy and is tempted to leave her. When Katie finds out, she gets a heart attack that leads Bill into leaving Steffy after realizing how much Katie meant to her. Subsequently, she strives to reunite Bill top her stepson Liam but eventually bears fruit. Liam joins the Spencer family officially but encounters constant interference from his father in his love issues. However, Katie suffers from postpartum depression and is unable to connect with her baby William Logan Spencer. Partly to blame was the fact that Bill had refused to accept Katie’s pregnancy in the first place. Further, Bill suggests to Katie that she gets an abortion, but Katie declines. Bill justifies the abortion as an attempt to save Katie’s life, as he fears that she might not carry the baby to full term. For him, her well-being is his priority. Bill’s constant disappointments to her and her stepson also contribute to her not connecting with her baby. Her fear is that Bill might abandon her and her baby the way he abandoned his other son Liam. Therefore, this fact agitates her even more making her have minimal concern for her newborn baby. On the contrary, her concerns are baseless as none of these thoughts ever crossed her husband’s

The First Day of High School Essay Example for Free

The First Day of High School Essay Right when I got out of the car, I had no clue where to go, I’m accustomed to walking through the middle school doors and going to unite with all my friends after a thrilling summer, but today was different. It was my first day of high school and I was about to go on an adventure. I finally reached my destination, the freshman courtyard, and I walked into my first period class. I sat down, looked around and thought to myself, â€Å"I know absolutely no one! † Then the bell rang and my teacher walked in. First thing that came out of her mouth was, â€Å"So who has their summer reading assignment?! and I sat there in astonishment. In middle school, on the first day, it’s usually all about rules, rules, and more rules! And how the classroom should be, but no! Not in high school. It was more of, â€Å"You’re in English honors, let’s get to work and write an essay! † Well wasn’t that a surprise. Later throughout the day, I finally saw some of my friends and felt more comfortable that there were people I knew. I was starting to enjoy my classes, and I got to know my teachers a little more, but now it was 5th period lunch and Man was I hungry! When I walked into the lunchroom, I stopped in bewilderment on where to go; there were swarms of people everywhere I turned, freshman, sophomores, juniors, and even seniors. There was a snack line, soda machines, and an abundance of tables that filled the cafeteria. You could even sit outside! It was a humongous difference from middle school; we have so much more freedom. Speaking of freedom, did I mention how spectacular it is in high school compared to middle school?! In class, we get to work together and have immense amount of free time; we can also take our phones and iPods out more often. During passing we can have our phones out and can’t get in trouble for it! The best part of all is we can have any  electronic devices out at lunch and we can go to two different places, the media and the learning lab. It is so much more suitable than being locked up in captivity all day long. Some people would expect high school to be stricter than middle school and have countless rules. Actually, it is uncomplicated, less strict and more intriguing. When I was in middle school I still felt like a little kid, but now that I am in high school I feel like I am turning into a mature adult.

A Good Death :: essays research papers

A Good Death   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Death is final. Some die naturally in a peaceful manner while others suffer through tremendous pain in order to get there. Euthanasia is the only way for some people to leave all their pain behind. Euthanasia is the act of killing another person in a merciful way. Of course, euthanasia has many more meaning to it than that. A person that is suffering from a terminal illness decides that life is not worth living because there is too much pain involved and ends his own life, would that be wrong of him? That is the question that is at hand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many supporters of the â€Å"right to die movement† can justify euthanasia. First, because terminal illness is causing pain that is unbearable for that individual. That is the main reason why people seek self-induced death. Second, the thought of a restricted life and depending on others, even for the simplest task, does not appeal to them. Aristotle wrote, â€Å"happiness is the exercise of vital powers along lines of excellence in a life affording them scope.† These people will never find happiness because they cannot live their lives out to the fullest extent that was given to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nancy was only four years old when her grandmother died. Her grandmother had a big lump on the lower right hand side of her back. The doctors removed it, but it was too late. The tumor had already spread throughout her body. Instead of having a lump on her back, she had a long stitched up incision there. She couldn’t move around; Nancy’s parents had to help her go to the bathroom and do all the simple things that she use to do all by herself. Nancy would ask her grandmother to get up to take her younger sister, Linh, and herself outside so they could play. She never got up. A couple of months later, an ambulance came by their house and took their grandmother away. That was the last time Nancy ever saw her alive. She was in the hospital for about a week and a half. Nancy’s parents never took them to see her. One day, Nancy saw her parents crying and she have never seen them cry before. They dropped Linh and her off at one of their friendâ€℠¢s house. Nancy got mad because she thought they were going shopping and didn’t take her with them.

A comparison of the pros and cons of Hybrid cars to those of fuel-cells

A hybrid car is a fuel efficient car which has 2 motors. One is electric motor while the other one is a gasoline powered motor. It has in addition to these a special system to capture braking energy store in an on board battery.A fuel-cell car produces electricity directly, the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen; the byproduct being water. A fuel –cell vehicle utilizes the electricity produced by the fuel cell to power motors at the vehicle’s wheel.A hybrid car has many advantages; they don’t use energy while idle, they also use less than gas motors at low speeds. With gas motors doing better at high speeds, it can deliver more power for a given motor weight. The electric motor works great at a time like rush hour and this way it doesn’t produce any exhaust therefore reducing smog levels.When a hybrid reaches a speed of 40 mph, the gas motor kicks in and gives a good feeling to the driver something most car owners are looking foe when on the highways. Hybrid cars also change the battery while running.Its disadvantages will include cost and complexity. It is a new technology and the cost is high. It also has its complications since the systems have to work together. If one system breaks then it might affect the others thereby making it really expensive to fix.Advantages of a fuel-cell car include:- low cost both in maintenance and purchase, its performance and rangeas read on ‘http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_vehicles/cars_pickups_suvs/fuelcell-vehicles.html’, it is known to be a smooth, quiet and fun to drive. They are also widely available in most parts of the world. They have disadvantages as; they contribute to global warming, they pollute air since they ran on pure hydrogen.  Ã‚   My opinion is that let there be wide variety since we are all different and have different tastes so let the variety to chose from be available.

The Stranger in Oedipus Essay - 1467 Words

Murder, assault, and other forms of violence are widespread plagues that haunt modern society. In order to combat these relevant issues society has implemented different systems over the years. These systems have moved from a simple mindset to intricate organizations of jurisdiction and law. Violence appears not only in reality but, in novels and literary works alike. Albert Camus’ The Stranger depicts a modern system of justice; however, Sophocles Oedipus Rex portrays a simplistic system of justice. Society implements these to prevent the downfall of the human race. Society protects humanity from its own demise by condemning acts of violence. Acts of violence, weather brought on by anger as illustrated in Oedipus Rex or by environmental†¦show more content†¦This seems to show an extremely shallow love for his mother. â€Å"’We just sat there like that for a while. The woman’s sighs and sobs were quieting down. She sniffed a lot.’ ‘Then fin ally she shut up.’† (Camus 11). Anger in Meursault, is demonstrated in this section of the novel. His mother’s friends were attending the funeral and one of them was in tears. Meursault had no patience for this, however, what little self-control was left of him ignited and he did not act out violently. He rather let the anger stay within him just to nourish it. This violence in Meursault is classified as a hidden violence. The catalysts for his anger are seen in his environment. Meursault has a tendency to react sporadically to his environment. Environmental influences can cause one to act without logic and reason. Unfortunately for Meursault his conscious took the better of him which in turn caused him to kill. Meursaults’ pet peeve which causes him to act irrationally is heat. â€Å"It was very hot† (Camus 3) â€Å"glare of the sky† (Camus 4) â€Å"It was very bright† (Camus 6). The sun, more specifically its product, heat, is a domi nate issue within Meursaults’ life. In every situation, he comments on how hot it is. In these uncomfortable situations he loses his ability to generate logical solutions to issues. â€Å"The scorching blade slashed at my eyelashes and stabbed at my stinging eyes.† (Camus 59). This is the most pivotal scene in theShow MoreRelatedFate in Oedipus the King Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pagesthe future. This is true; at least in â€Å"Oedipus the King† in which the protagonist, Oedipus calls forth his doom unwillingly. Fate is defined as something that unavoidably befalls a person. The author of â€Å"Oedipus the King,† Sophocles, writes a tragic fate that Oedipus was born to experience. Fate is what is meant to happen and cannot be avoided or unchanged. Furthermore, events that lead to other events could be the result for one to meet their fate. In â€Å"Oedipus the King,† Sophocles expresses the natureRead More Tragedy in Oedipus the King and Dolls Hous e Essay660 Words   |  3 Pagesunspoken way of life. In Sophocles Oedipus the King and Ibsens A Dolls House, the main characters - Nora and Oedipus, are both constructed to illustrate flaws in society and how naive people are. Ibsen and Sophocles both developed tragedy into a central idea that all people surreptitiously understand. Nora and Oedipus make incompetent decisions that assist in discovering their fundamental nature as tragic heroes and provoke sorrow and pity among the audience. Oedipus lived his entire life in a darkRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King884 Words   |  4 PagesKing of Thebes, owner of a family tree that identically resembles Medusa on a bad hair day, and the inspiration for a psychologically-riveting complex, Oedipus, tragic hero of Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, exposes troubling truths about the human condition and, acting as an exemplary precaution for the entirety of humanity, demonstrates how a self-destructive struggle between love, anger, and fate, conveyed through an unorthodox love affair between mother and son (Who gets custody in a divorce?),Read More Sight And Blindess Of Oedipus The King Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pages Oedipus the King by Sophocles was a play written after a devastating plague struck the city of Athens in 430 B.C. The play is about how knowledge can lead to devastation and destruction based on how the characters find out the truth of the Delphic Oracle. Years before Oedipus became the king of Thebes, the previous king, Laius, had received a prophecy that his son would grow up to kill his father. With this information he gave his baby son to a sheperd to dispose of him. Years later Laius is murderedRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Power of Prophecy1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe Power of Fate in Oedipus Rex (the King) The underlying theme in Oedipus Rex is that fate is more powerful than free will. On this strong basis of fate, free will doesnt even exist. This was a popular belief among the ancient Greeks.   Fate may be accepted or denied by modern society, but in Oedipuss story, fate proves inevitable. In the play, Oedipus Rex, the characters Oedipus, Iocaste and Laios try to change fate.    In the very beginning of the story, before we hear from theRead MoreOedipus Fate Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagescannot change their fate and it is unavoidable. Throughout the Greek tragedy, Oedipus the King, the hero, Oedipus often tries to run away from what he is destined to do only because of his ignorance to his situation. Throughout the entire play, the conflict of Man versus Fate is often seen as everyone tries to avoid what is fated upon them. Oedipus’s parents, Jocasta and Laius, were told by the gods that their son, Oedipus, would grow up to kill his father and marry his mother, a terrible fate. InRead More Tragedy in Oedipus the King and Dolls House Essay example1057 Words   |  5 Pagesages. But not until the Greeks and prominent playwrights such as Sophocles did tragedy take on into its own on the stage. Out of this rebirth of tragedy came what has been considered, even by Aristotle himself, the greatest tragedy ever written, Oedipus the King. He delves into the human psyche: bringing forth the notion of predestination, a supposition desperately believed in by humans, betraying the fatal flaws of his hero and manifesting the suffering brought upon the hero by his tragic downfallRead MoreOedipus the King: The Innocence of Oedipus Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles Oedipus Rex Is Innocent Because Oedipus knows nothing about the past of Thebes, he is not an assassin. Oedipus committed murder but unknowingly of who King Laius was. Oedipus honor was his claim against the murder. Had it been the other way around and Oedipus had lost the battle, King Laius alibi would have also been for reasons of honor: for reasons of royalty. Oedipus was royalty and knew it as well did King Laius. The main idea behind Oedipus innocence is this royalty. RegardlessRead MoreSophocles Oedipus Rex as Modern Tragedy Essay examples1184 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus Rex and Tragedy Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex is, in short, the story of a man who unknowingly kills his father and marries his mother. It certainly sounds like a tragedy, doesn’t it? But the classification and definition of ‘tragedy’ are one of the many things widely disputed in the realm of literary studies. So, for the purposes here we’ll use Aristotle’s five criteria of a tragedy: a tragic hero of noble birth, a tragic flaw or mistake, a fall from grace, a moment of remorse, and catharsisRead MoreComparing the Downfalls of Sophocles Oedipus and Shakespeares Othello1262 Words   |  6 Pages Oedipus and Othello were both honorable and heroic men that became the victims of tragic downfalls that can be compared and contrasted with each other. Sophocles, the writer of Oedipus the King, and Williams Shakespeare, the writer of Othello, were both enormously influential playwrights of their respective generations and their legacy continues today. The two playwrights made their masterpieces during different eras; Sophocles life coincided with the Golden Age of Greek tragedy and Shakespeare