Who doesn t know Louis Vuitton

Globalization is the process of development in politics, economy and culture all around the world. National economies becomes increasingly integrated through globalization. Although globalization brings positive effect on economy, it also affects the world in a negative way. To start with, globalization has improved interdependence of national economies. Globalization involved free trade, greater competition, and increased investment. Globalization allows companies to enter wider markets and consumers have more options of goods and services.Free trade is a trade between countries without governmental intervention. Globalization lows greater trade and competition in the market that leads to lower prices, higher economic growth and it also increases level of investment. Since companies open wider markets, they need more people to work for them. Globalization enables a larger job opportunity that leads to decreasing of unemployment. Globalization allows us to move from one to another co untry. Free movement of labor gives advantages to both sender and recipient countries.If a nation experiences high unemployment, there are large opportunities to look for jobs somewhere else. Globalization increases Gross Domestic Product (GAP) of a country. GAP is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. Production of foreign companies in a country is counted as a part of country's GAP. A massive increase in education is also result of the globalization process. However, globalization brings negative impacts on a nation. Developing countries have difficulties to compete with developed countries.Globalization drives migration. So many people with different background move in and out Of a Country. They tend to follow the foreign culture and forget their own culture, this can lead to cultural conflicts. Opening doors to international trade has increased intense competition. Local products often struggle to compete with impor ted products because imported products are usually cheaper and better. Globalization has increased standard of living. People in recent times tend to buy branded products more than local products. Thereby the local companies suffer huge losses.Globalization allows workers to move freely. Hence, it is difficult for some countries to hold onto their best skilled workers who are attracted by higher salaries in other countries. Economic bloc or trade bloc is an agreement between countries, to acclimate trade between participants. For example, The European Union (SEC)). The E has 28 members (Austria, Germany, Norway, Belgium, Greece, Poland, Bulgaria, Ireland, Portugal, Cyprus, Italy, Romania, Croatia, Latvia, Spain, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Slovenia, Denmark, Luxembourg, Slovakia, Estonia, Malta, Sweden, Finland, Netherlands, UK and France).The aim is to promote free trade between countries. Multinational Corporation also knows as transnational corporation, is a corporation that has i ts assets in several countries but managed from one country such as Coca Cola. Multinational Corporation is beneficial because it creates jobs and improves technology. Business cycle refers to the change of economic activity. Economy experiences ups and downs caused by the changes of supply and demand. The changes of economic growth in the global economy over time are known as international business cycle.In labor markets, employers compete to hire the best skilled workers, while workers compete to get the best satisfying job. In recent time, more people are moving to different countries to get a better quality of life and standard of living. High skilled workers are attracted to rich Mounties such as the United States because of the higher wages and better opportunities. Small countries often struggle to hold onto their most talented and skilled workers, who are attracted to other countries by greater rewards (Australia in the Global Economy, 2004).The globalization of labor market has been increasing, however there are still significant difficulties on working in other countries such as language, immigration restrictions, cultural factors, and incompatible educational and professional qualifications. For example, people from Mexico who move to America. 10,000 people cross the Mexican order every week. People usually move to find a job, to avoid war, to find a better quality of life or to be closer to their friends or family.Those migrants often struggle to live in rural Mexico because they have to survive with very little money; most of the population is living in poverty. The lack of resources makes they live harder to gain money. They believe by moving to America they can get a better life. Rural Mexico doesn't have minimum wage like in America; what they make in a whole day at Mexico would be few hour work in the USA. Migrants are usually fathers Of big families that have to cross the border, then end home bunches of money or return to their homes.Some of them move to America in a legal way and some with an illegal way. Those who don't have valid passport and visa are willing to cross the desert that separates Mexico and America. Many people suffer dehydration when they are crossing and the border patrol may catch them. These migrants bring impacts on both Mexico and America. The impacts on America are local businesses have benefited as they have a source of cheap labor, Mexicans are willing to do anything, and Mexicans have brought their culture and food with them that makes Mexican DOD very popular in the LISA.However, The LISA government has to spend millions of dollars for border patrols and prisons due to illegal migrants (recently it has been a concern that there may be terrorists crossing the border. ) Mexicans also cause social problems due cultural and racial issues and also many Americans feel that Mexicans are taking their jobs. On the other side, Mexico has less of economically active people; young people tend to migrate and leave the old and the very young. In the final analysis, globalization can benefit people but it can cost people too.Indonesia been terrorized recently, more jobs are provided so people become wealthier. Quality of life in Indonesia is increasing; the government now has more money to spend because people can afford to buy more expensive things. Globalization is at its peak and it is clear that globalization cannot be stopped.

Pornography and the Sexualization of Society

Pornography and the Sexualization of Society SOC101 11/27/12 The topic I chose is â€Å"Pornography and the Sexualization of Society†. I chose this article because I’ve noticed a drastic changes in the media, in advertising, and marketing that influences society in desensitizing us and our beliefs on what is normal and morally acceptable in terms of exposure to sexual content as well as the mass marketing of items that were once rarely seen in your corner drugstore or advertised in major publications.I can recall growing up as a teenager in the 1990’s and how big of a deal it was when a prime time television show featured it’s main characters having sex for the first time, or even making reference to explicit sexual acts. In contrast, in the last 20 years, it’s common place for teens or very young adults on television and in movies to have sex lives dramatized for entertainment. Additionally, television and print advertisements not only use explicit innuendo for contraception like condoms for example, but they also feature specialty enhancements for these products to make sex â€Å"better† for both partners.A visit to a local drugstore and there are sex toys advertised as â€Å"personal massagers† , lubricants for â€Å"his and her† pleasure and other items that would once have only been found in an adult bookstore. Pornography, not only in print and privately packaged covers can be found at most book stores as well as online websites with almost no age restriction. Soft porn is also readily available on cable television, and not just on premium channels designated adults only.HBO, Cinemax and Starz all have late night content that I would not want my teenage relatives to watch. Movies in theaters do have mandated content warnings, but it seems that even non â€Å"R† rated movies show a lot more today than they did 20 years ago. This contributes to what I would consider the Sexualization of our curr ent Society. The question for me is whether or not added exposure to sex, especially to teens and young adults contributes to deviant behavior.When applying Functionalist Theory, and the idea that society relies upon its members to have order, stability and an agreement on what values are and how they should be achieved, I can’t help but wonder to what extent does the overt sexualization of our culture have an impact on that stability. While our text does not indicate an increase in sex amongst youth in recent years, there is still a notable difference generationally speaking.This difference isn’t necessarily in the act of sex itself, but it our pop culture, in our mass communication online, in text messages and face to face conversations. If our society is to continue with overt sexualization as it has been†¦what will be the outcome? Will more teens have sex, will deviant sexual behavior become more and more prevalent? What mechanism should be employed to prevent the latter from happening? (Anderson/ Taylor 2011). References: Andersen, M. L. , and H. F. Taylor. Sociology, the Essentials. 6. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co, 2010. Print

Human Relations - Conflict Resolution - Heitler Essay

Human Relations - Conflict Resolution - Heitler - Essay Example This book is primarily for therapists, who deal with different types of conflicts in human relations. The main idea of this book focuses on comprehensive and integrative perspective about human psychology. Heitler points out that emotional stress leads to conflict. So, the best possible way to resolve conflict is to identify the reason behind emotional stress and to take remedial measures to avoid it in future. The idea to analyze conflict between couples and strategies to assist them aims to resolve conflicts in family settings. Author makes an intangible distinction between concerns and solutions on conflict resolution. It deals with diverse theories on personality, psychotherapy, relationships and provides clear cut guidelines to tackle problems faced in therapeutic practice. It is important to note that this work deals with the integration of system perspectives, cognitive and behavioral methodologies and traditional views of personality and therapy. The author pays particular at tention to problem solving methods and strategies, which are really valuable in family settings and therapeutically effective. Another important topic is the five basic conflict strategies: fight, submit, freeze, flee, and problem solving which evaluates canine behavior, its human equivalent and its emotional results. It pays particular attention to conflict resolution and is really valuable for a therapist to diagnose the problem and to an individual to realize his/her self. The author observes the importance of conflict resolution between couples. It insists couples to focus on the reason behind conflict. For instance, if one focuses on conflict resolution, the reason behind it may be ignored. Most of the therapists and theorists concentrate on conflict resolution, not on its cause. Author points out this fault and concentrates on the emotional stress behind each conflict. The most useful strategy discussed is the

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing - Essay Example ...5 A) Customer Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 B) Competitor Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 C) Company Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 D) Community Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 III. Brand and Positioning Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 A) Appearance, Personality, and Reputation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 B) Future Marketing Position†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 C) Positioning Map†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...11 IV. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 V. References List†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Fig.1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 Fig.2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Marketing Introduction Oman Air has grown from a short-haul regional carrier into a national airline; a global player that is committed to meeting its customer needs and expectations. Oman Air extends true Omani hospitality and is completely committed to attaining its environmental, social and governance goals by pursuing a balanced business model. Oman Air is committed to ensuring delivery of valuable economic, environmental, and social benefits (Oxford Business Group 2009, p.118). Profit Oman Air’s objective is to create and enhance the value by availing competitive returns to investors, meeting the client’s need and expec tations, generating prosperity, and contributing to overall economic development. In line with its established business principles, Oman Air seeks to compete fairly and ethically. Revenue within Oman Air grew by 35% to OMR 311.3 million (USD 808.5 million) (CAPA, 2012), as presented in the income statement presented below. The company cares about the distribution of its gross value and actively pursues cost-saving efficiencies that match new, sustainable business models. In 2011, Oman Air reported record losses of OMR 110 million (about 286 million US Dollars) occasioned by sky rocketing oil prices, industrial unrest, rapid expansion programme, and regional political turmoil. The airline is on the path towards long-term profitability and the losses suffered form part of the growth. People Oman Air values honesty, integrity, and respect, which form part, of its core values. The company is pursues to be a responsible member of the society by playing a part in the welfare of its staff and communities. The company manifests a strong commitment towards availing a stable work environment that guarantees equal opportunity for learning and personal growth where staff can enjoy a sense of purpose, teamwork, creativity and innovation, besides availing a rewarding and value enhancing experiences (O’Connel & Williams 2011, p.16). Oman Air is at the forefront in promoting responsible citizenship by creating flourishing CSR programs. Significant emphasis is laid on embracing diverse communities through the creation of rich and inclusive experiences. Planet Minimizing emissions to air, water, and land the central to Oman Air’

Synergistic Relationship Between Higher Education and the Economic Essay

Synergistic Relationship Between Higher Education and the Economic Well-Being of a State - Essay Example In this essay, the researcher states that the unit of analysis is institution level and the study population is all public four-or-more year institutions in the United States. To test the theory of an interdependent and intertwined synergistic relationship of an education society, the economics of a community and the overall economy, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and Regression Modeling analysis was applied by the researcher. This essay is also designed to frame the discussion about approaches states can use to build better models to connect public information about the economics of higher education along with state-level planning and public policy for higher education. This essay focuses mostly on the effects of graduation rate on the Gross State Product (GSP). The researcher mentiones that over the past decade, accountability pressure in education is at the forefront on all levels. According to the human capital theory that proved the theory regarding the interdependent and intertwi ned synergistic relationship between economics and education though it has shown its limits. To strengthen this theory the researcher would need to run a multiple regression model which can also and mainly be used to determine Unrestricted State Appropriation for higher education. In conclusion, the researcher sums up his research on the topic and states that he believes that conducting this model presented in the essay would be a great contribution to the knowledge base on public policy related to the financing of higher education.

What is meant by predictive validity Why are assessment centres Essay

What is meant by predictive validity Why are assessment centres considered to have greater predictive validity than facetoface interviews - Essay Example In particular, the prevalence of the traditional employment interview as the primary selection method will be compared to the alternative methods of cognitive ability tests and biographical data. Whilst the assessment and selection process provides information for decisions by both the employer and the potential employee, this is not the traditional view as employment decisions have long been regarded as a management prerogative (Torrington & Hall, 1991). However, given the predicted skill shortages and the fact that selection is also concerned with the future life plans of individuals, the predictive validity of selection methods is an important issue (Meijer, 1998) both for organizations and for individuals. Predictive validity refers to the extent to which an assessment measure can predict subsequent job performance (Smith et al, 1993) such as error rate, production rate, appraisal scores, absence rate, or other criteria that may be important to the organisation. Relationships between assessment outcomes and future performance are expressed as correlation coefficients (r), where r = 1 represents a perfect relationship, and r = 0 signifies that no relationship whatsoever e xists. A correlation of, say, r = 0.4 is regarded as comparatively good in assessment and selection (Torrington et al, 1991), but this does illustrate that there are no methods of selection that represent outstanding predictors of future performance. In their survey of management selection methods used in French and British organizations, Shackleton & Newell (1991) illustrated that, although there was an increasing use of personality assessments, cognitive ability tests, assessment centers and biographical data between the years of 1984 and 1989, the traditional method of face to face interviews continued to represent the dominant method of assessment and selection in the UK. The format of interviews may range from totally unstructured where no objectives are set, to highly structured, pre-planned processes in which topic areas are closely related to job behavior, with varying degrees of semi-structure in-between (Anderson & Shackleton, 1993). Huffcutt & Arthur (1994) used meta-analysis to demonstrate that predictive validity increased as interview structure increased; the degree of standardization of questions and response scoring mechanisms resulted in validities ranging from r = 0.20 for less structured interviews to r = 0.56 for more highly structured interviews. Nevertheless, even highly structured interviews may vary in their predictive validity. In a comparison of situational interviews (future-orientated) and behavior description interviews (past-orientated) Campion, Campion & Hudson (1994) found higher validities for past-orientated (r = 0.51) than for

Socrates and Euthyphro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Socrates and Euthyphro - Essay Example The definition is erroneous as it fails to integrate the holistic description of holiness. Notably, other righteous deeds reveal a positive aspect of holiness than punishing offenders. On noticing this error, Socrates challenges him to elucidate a broader and better meaning of sanctity that is inclusive. After his realization of his mistake, lack of logical consistency, in the first definition, Euthyphro offers an updated version of his description that focuses on holiness from a godly point of view. In particular, he says that holiness is what the God approves. Therefore, â€Å"then  what is dear to the gods is holy,  and what is not dear to them is unholy†Ã‚  (pg.6, 5). Unfortunately, his explanation lacks clarity as it projects an assumption that gods agree on all things and disagree on nothing. Having noticed the fallacy, Socrates asks if the gods always agree on all things. At this point, Euthyphro realizes his mistakes and acknowledges that Gods offer a different opinion on various issues leading to quarrels amongst themselves. Consequently, Socrates gives him another him another chance to provide an improve definition of holiness. In his third attempt to define holiness, Euthyphro describes piety as what is loved by all the gods. Specifically, he asserts that the Holy is what all the gods love, and whatever the gods hate, is unholy. He states that  Ã¢â‚¬Å"the holy is what all the gods love,  and that the opposite,  what all the gods hate is unholy† (pg.10. 3). Similarly, the logical fallacy appears, as he does not offer a comprehensive explanation for defining the true nature of consecration. Notably, his description lacks an essential element of what makes something holy. Having noticed the logical inconsistency, Socrates challenged Euthyphro to substantiate if something is holy because the gods approve it, or the holiness of something makes the gods approve

Financial Markets and Bank Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Financial Markets and Bank Management - Essay Example The banks are faced with credit risk that involves change in net asset value due to changes in the ability of the counter-party to meet the contractual agreements (Thomas 2005). Performance risk includes the possible loses that may emanate from dishonest employees while operational risk include costs such as inability to meet regulatory requirements or settlement failures (Rao 1999). The bank’s net profit margin for 2012 was negative due to lack of growth of the non-customer interest income. The net profit margin was positive in 2013, but the current low interest environment prevailing in the market will continue maintaining the net interest income growth rate low. This means that the bank should divest the low-yielding non-core assets like investment securities portfolios in order to scale up the bank’s net interest margin. The operating margin was too low to generate substantial increase in net profits in 2013. The return on invested capital growth rate stagnated thus demonstrating imprudent investing strategy due to low returns from the non-core business segments. The improvements in return on assets and return on equity were low while the leverage position declined slightly due to injection of additional capital through rights issue. The stringent regulatory environment forced the bank to improve on its capitalisation and implement measures of lowering its leverage. Some of the measures implemented include the rights issue and reduction in the risk-weighted assets (RWAs) (Gregory 2011). Barclay’s loan to deposit ratio stood at 110 percent in 2012, but the ratio declined to 101 percent in 2013. The deposits were almost equal to the customer loans thus demonstrating increased prudence in retail lending. The investment banking business segment is funded by a high proportion of liabilities. The bank should have sufficient liquid assets to withstand any market and internal stresses (Mehta and Fung

Microeconomics (EC2021C) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Microeconomics (EC2021C) - Essay Example This paper focuses on the costs of a rise in minimum wage, the benefits of a rise in minimum wage and finally the effect of a rise in the minimum wage when the labor market is monopsonistic. The paper discusses the effect of this rise on the supply and demand curve on labor, effect on price, effect on the standard of living and how this increase will lead to unemployment and increased outsourcing in other lower minimum wage countries. We first analyze the effect of an increase in minimum wage rates on the supply and the demand for labor in a competitive market, in a competitive market demand increases when wages decline and demand declines when wage rates increase. Supply of labor increases when the wage rates rise, and that supply of labor decline when wage rates are reduced, therefore an increase in minimum wage rates will increase supply and reduce demand. From the above chart an increase in the minimum wage will lead to an increase in the supply of labor, the rationale behind this increase is because as minimum wage increase then more workers will be willing and also encouraged to work more labor hours and therefore supply of labor will increase. Considering that labor is factor of production ... t labor is factor of production and that firms will consider labor as a production cost then if the cost of labor increases then firms will demand less of labor, this can also be explained by the fact that firms will determine the optimal production point using the budget line and the isoquants, therefore an increase in cost of labor will lead to substitution of labor for capital and therefore less labor will be demanded, the diagram below demonstrates the effect of this increase on labor demand: From the above diagram it is evident that an increase in minimum wage will lead to a decline in the demand for labor, therefore this will result into less employment in an economy. Benefits of increased minimum wage: Standard of living: An increase in minimum wage will result into an increase in living standards, workers will now be paid higher wage rates and for this reason there will be a rise in living standards, this will be realized because workers will now have a larger disposable income and therefore can afford more in the economy. Motivation of workers: Workers in the economy will be more motivated, according to various studies increased wages result into increased motivation and therefore increased productivity of labor, when productivity of labor increases then the firm will benefit because the firm becomes more productive. Economic growth will also be realized due to increased productivity of laborers in the economy and therefore higher growth. Increased consumption: When minimum wage is increased consumers will experience a rise in their income, a rise in the income level also signifies a rise in the consumer disposable income, therefore as disposable income increases there will be a rise in the consumption levels in an economy. This will benefit the economy

Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Argument - Essay Example Thus, the issue of awarding the capital punishment remains a highly controversial topic across the world. In the US many states award death penalty to offenders who commit premeditated homicide while some others do not have capital punishment. Killing a human being intentionally is a heinous crime and offenders who commit premeditated homicide need to be punished with capital punishment to deter others from engaging in such criminal activities. Criminal justice system awards punishment to the criminals with a view to prevent the recurrence of crimes. The society considers that every criminal offender needs to be awarded a punishment appropriate to the crime he or she commits. Thus, the advocates of death penalty contend that when capital punishment is awarded to a person who commits murder, â€Å"potential murderers will think twice before killing for fear of losing their own life† (The Death Penalty: Arguments for and Against the Death Penalty 1). Evidence also points to an a nalysis by the criminologist Isaac Ehrlich, which shows that â€Å"for every inmate who was executed, 7 lives were spared† as other perpetrators become deterred from committing similar crimes (1). This source concedes to the fact that studies relating to deterrence are sometimes â€Å"inconclusive† but it attributes this to the rare use of death penalty and the delay in its execution (1). Thus, it can be construed that death penalty acts as a deterrent to crime, which is a â€Å"practical justification† for the award of capital punishment (2). Criminal justice system relies on the basic tenet that every crime deserves a proportionate punishment for meeting the objectives of natural justice. Therefore, it appears natural that the person who perpetrates a premeditated murder of another person should be punished with death so that the victim and his or her family receive justice. Thus, the principle evolves that criminal justice must consider the extent of â€Å"h arm caused by the criminal† and award a punishment that is â€Å"proportionate† to the crime (Bidinotto 20). However, the opponents of capital punishment hold the view that punitive measures derive from the concept of vengeance and the â€Å"vindictive notion of an eye for an eye† (23). Refuting this theory, Bidinotto argues that justice does not rely on the notion of vengeance but, on the other hand, is â€Å"based on retribution† (23). He further contends that showing mercy to murderers amounts to â€Å"negation of simple justice† and will actually act as an encouragement for criminals as they can â€Å"gain more from crimes than any costs they will have to bear† (23). Thus, it becomes evident that a punishment proportionate to the crime is only moral and, therefore, the award of capital punishment to a murderer is justified. Deliberate murder is a crime that destabilizes the society and, therefore, when such crimes occur the community has a responsibility to respond. The death penalty can be considered as a â€Å"uniquely powerful† response to such a crime due to its being a â€Å"permanent† solution that cannot be â€Å"retracted or overturned† (Gelernter 26). Thus, by awarding death penalty to criminals who commit the offence of premeditated homicide, society makes a proclamation that such crimes are â€Å"absolutely evil and absolutely intolerable† (26). Therefore, it will dissuade criminals from engaging in such crimes and reduce murders. Though the opponents of death penalty are

Major Advances in Broadcasting Essay Example for Free

Major Advances in Broadcasting Essay Civil War (1861- 1865) Personal Journalism is born. This allowed people to publish their thoughts and feelings individually. Topics not limited to slavery and racism is written by various people but sometimes not published due to limited freedom in broadcasting. 1890- Yellow Journalism enters the broadcasting arena making it possible for politicians use the power of broadcasting to win elections and cover up bad news. 1918- Edwin Howard Armstrong was able to develop a method for â€Å"amplifying extremely weal, high- frequency signals or the superheterodyne circuit† (Radio and Television). 1930’s- a circuitry was developed to eliminate static that interferes with radio reception. A static free broadcasting was formulated by means of amplitude modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM). 1950’s- transistors were invented and made broadcasting more possible. 1956- Videocassette recorders were introduced so that people can view delayed television shows. 1949- The birth of Cable television which is known for its â€Å"good reception and additional programming† (Radio and Television). 1965- Commercial Communication Satellite was first used and it was followed by orbiting transmitters. 1967- A bill was passed in the United States which enables Public Broadcasting (Andersen Gray 400). 1968- 200 million TV sets were made available worldwide. 1972- â€Å"Richard Nixon vetoes funding for public broadcasting† (Andersen Gray 400). 1978- 78% of the households own colored television. 1988- Sony introduced handheld and battery operated televisions also known as the â€Å"watchman† it is a transistorized television. 1990’s- High Density television is made available which features system for satellite transmission. HDTV has better picture and sound compared to analog televisions. 1996- Television and internet begins its competition since more people are depending on the World Wide Web rather than watching television and listening to radio news. 2000-present- more dynamic way of transmitting signals in television, radio and cable are discovered which enables people to receive information faster and clearer than before. There are live streaming features of cables and internet TVs that allows people to see what is happening on the other part of the world it shares endless fascination of everyday living. Today is an important time for Journalism in our country’s history because broadcasting is more developed. Series of advancement were made in terms of information gathering and dissemination of news. It is easier for journalists nowadays to gather vital news and making people aware of the recent events. As technology changes, journalism’s future becomes clearer and more available for people. The history of out country is now easier to trace because freedom of speech is now allowed and the country is experiencing more democracy unlike before. Broadcasting today is more convincing since no one is manipulating the issue. Today’s mass media journalism is not limited to people who are living in this country. It can also be broadcasted on other parts of the world. Works Cited: Andersen, Robin Gray, Jonathan. Battleground: The Media. USA: Greenwood Publishing, 2007. Radio Television Timeline. Great Achievements Website. Retrieved 9 March 2009 from: http://www. greatachievements. org/? id=3659

Location Based Services and Crime Detection Alert

Location Based Services and Crime Detection Alert CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Nowadays, many issues and trend of crimes such as robbery, drug addicts, rape, murder or snatch had arisen via the whole world. These arise of crimes was happening shows that the public especially victims seek for a proper assistance in the soonest time from emergency agencies such as police, fire fighter or hospital. To overcome those crimes a lot of effort and works had been done with many countries everywhere in the world with their goal to be a less crime country. One of a good solution through the launch of the emergency centre channel by phone number like 999 hotline number was used in Malaysia. By phone, the operator has been recorded the all information required such as location and type of emergency (Widiasa Wijaya, 2013). Then, the operator will channelling the line to the respected agencies based on the caller’s problem faced but if it identify as a prank call, the line will not proceed to related agencies. This is a common flow for the emergency call centre. The crime is solved based on the information provided and how fast the information delivered to the agencies targeted such as, a police officer who are on duty will be alerted from the provided information and have to move right away to the reported location. The major aspect for instant assistance not be able to reach at soonest time when the distance between the incident occur and the emergency agencies. Whereby via the emergency phone line, 45% robbery incidents reports used in England and Wales.(Michael Ovelgonne, 2010) The advancement in development of wireless communications and mobile database technology has provide a greatly convenience for lives nowadays and has promote the usage of cell phone. Therefore the extensive to application of Location Based Services (LBSs) for emergency handling has played an important role in deal with public emergencies and as a value-add to the 999 service. The implementation and the prototype development of Emergency Information Retrieval by using LBSs as a mobile application is hoped that will be able to solve the real distress problem. 1.1 Problem Statement All distress call will be channelled to a centralised unit called â€Å"cell centre†. The call center operator are working within 24 hours based on rotating shift duty. The operator have to be working routine like administrative works such as reporting the calls and then channeling the information throughout respective division. The existing emergency system quite primitive without having proper tools like digital map, mobile communication. The only communication between the call center and the emergency agencies is via walkie-talkie or radio based communication. According to (Peter Kolesar I, Albert Pedrinan Peter Stein B, 1976), mentioned that a lot of focus has been done on the calculation or timeframe been taken while operator on the line, call routing and call queues. The researcher focus on simplifying the flow of emergencies information flow by utilizing the usage of pull location based service. They also mentioned that the answering process during the line is busy are not on FIFO basis at that time. Therefore, if the use of location based service is utilized, the call centre operator for 999 which handled fully by Telekom Malaysia can automatically store into database. The proposed project will be targeted user like police and RSS feed and pull location based service technology will be used to retrieved information. Another constraint that faced in the emergency call workflow due to the current system are using that being used manually. This condition have been given impact when there is a few number of operator duty able to receive calls in certain reach peak hour and also involving much of wasting time while on run. If the line is busy, for those who is the callers that need for help would have to wait on the line and this waiting can turn into problem for them. It is because their information or help that they need does not arrive on that time. Perhaps, the criminal suspect can escape in that wasted time and this situation causes a lot of criminal may leave free of charge without any punished. The statistics of crimes that unsolved will increase continually. Sometimes the delivered information is not clear during the calls arrive for call centre system is being recorded. This can cause a misunderstandings between the operator for the emergency centre site and the call centre. Based on the Figure 1.1 below, the viewer may see the current flow of call handling that able to explain on the 999 call flow. Once the This figure was taken from on Project Director MERS999 (Ir Rozinah Anas, 2008). The research is on Bridging Public And Agencies For Disaster Emergency Situations under Telekom Malaysia (TM). She had already stated that once the 999 Response Center was handle by TM Call Center get the emergency details, the information then will be transmitted through making calls to related agencies like police, fire department, ambulance and civil defense based on the emergency type. Figure 1.1 : The 999 Call Flow for the MERS999 which Handle by TM in Malaysia (Ir Rozinah Anas, 2008) As stated by (Dr Rosidah Ibrahim, 2010), the current emergency call flow was happen to have no automatic routing system, high in drop call, long queue, abandon call and no access during call congestion and this will lead to a very low public confidence. By having the use of pull location based service, the flow of information is smooth as the call centre agents of 999 will just need to insert data to the database and later the information can be retrieved by using the smart phone. Time taken can also be reduced as there is no need to channel information manually. Concerning the problems discuss, this is should not be happening in Malaysia as a country that in moving towards technological oriented in terms of works and service delivery. The improves quality of life, must be enhanced the current emergency caling system to counter every possibility. Furthermore, the public citizen also need to play a major role to ensure that the country is a safe place for others. By the implementation of Emergency Information Retrieval by using local based services and through its prototype development it is hoped that it will be able to solve the real life problem. 1.2 Research Questions The main research questions for this study are given as follows: How to investigate the design considerations in providing location based services for emergency cases? How to design and develop a push location based service based on the requirement acquired? How to design a pull location based service based on the requirement acquired earlier? 1.3 Research Objectives Generally, the majority of the research objectives is to give facility who is use this project after ready to publish in the market. The purpose of this study to be achieved is to develop the web based and the mobile application related to location based services and crime detection alert. The objectives are as follows : To investigate design considerations in providing location based services for crime and emergency cases. To design and develop a pull location based service based on the requirement acquired. To design a push location based service based on the requirement acquired. 1.4 Scope of the Study The scope of the study is the boundaries, constraints or limitations of the project want to develop. This research is based on the current workflow of 999 call centre after receiving emergency calling and channelled the emergency information in connection with the related agencies. i) Scope of Target Users The prototype of research tried to use and implement for police officer. ii) Scope of Project Requirement The project requirement will be divide into three categories there are hardware, software and programming language that will used as shown in Table 1.1, Table 1.2 and Table 1.3 below. Table 1.1: Description of Software Requirement Table 1.2: Description of Hardware Requirement Table 1.3: Description of Programming Language Requirement iii) Scope of System Module The distress information such as current location will be collected in the earlier phase is transformed into services for mobile smart phones that used by police officer who are on patrol will be alerted from the provided information and have to move right away to the reported location. iv) Scope of Network System Location Based Services will be the main focus on this research will be apply on GPRS transmission. 1.5 Significance of the Study It enables to contribute to the flow of working and alert for the crime detection. Furthermore, it is hoped can increase the way of information is managed and collected. It enables to solve problems that might be face daily since the development of the prototype can be a starting point for a mobile application. It is hoped that this application may contribute to standard architecture on other mobile location based services for solving other problems. It enables the analyst to increase their management on getting information for criminal behaviour and factors that involving them for such situation since the new system will hold the push location data and caller information in one database. With the geographic data also, the analyst can study which area are mostly have criminal or emergency activities. That will be much helpful for police officer to monitor in connection with area while reducing the growth of criminal activities within that surroundings. Contributes to further development of facilities, guidelines to improve the current situation in helping the emergency line flow and alert on the way to emergency messages reached towards police officer. 1.6 Limitation of the Study There are certain limitations that have to be faced by the researcher while completing this project. The main limition of the study is the time and transportation constraints make the researcher impossible to do formal procedure in order to get information regarding call flow handling process from police department and Telekom Malaysia. There are some restricted info hidden which related to the call handling process and need for the formal procedure in order to get the requirement. There are some restricted info hidden which related to the call handling process and need higher authoritative person to involve for getting the information which hidden earlier to public people. Therefore, the data set information of crime and emergency statistic cannot be collected due to this. 1.7 Definition of Terms 1.7.1 Enabling Mobile Location Based Service A service on information or entertainment which delivered to customer or user  portability based on their handheld access. 1.7.2 Emergency Information for An emergency is a situation that poses an immediate threat to human life or serious  damage to property and is acknowledged to the recipient. 1.7.3 Police Cases Cases that involving police issues. 1.8 Expected Result After the completion, the researcher have expected to produce the web based application and another one is the mobile application development for smartphone to emergency report. Figure 1.1 shows the proposed workflow for application developed in this research by using pull Location Based Service. Figure 1.1 : Pull Location Based Service Architecture for current findings 1.9 Conclusion This chapter describes the overview of the study that will be developed. The topics covered in this chapter includes the introduction of the current emergency call system, objectives of the study, the problems that facing with the current system and the scope of the research. The purpose of this study has been set to solve the current issue cause of creating mobile location based application that able to give information for target user on crime and emergencies cases. In the next chapter is Literature Review which study will be conducted with review of related literatures from journals, thesis articles, and books regarding location based services and previous research of emergency information retrieval. WIDIASA WIJAYA, B. S., HATMA SURYOTRISONGKO,FEBRILIYAN SAMOPA, NISFU ASRUL SANI 2013. Developing Android-Based Personal Emergency Notification System with Global Positioning System as an Alternative Handling for Public Safety Information Systems International Conference (ISICO), 624 -630. MICHAEL OVELGONNE, A. C. S., ANDREAS GEYER-SCHULZ 2010. Social Emergency Alert Service A Location-Based Privacy-Aware Personal Safety Service. IEEE Computer Society, 84 89.

The Flaws Of Fracking Environmental Sciences Essay

The Flaws Of Fracking Environmental Sciences Essay Most people who drive cars or heat their houses would concur that finding a cheaper, more accessible substitute for oil would be a positive advancement. With benefits such as energy independence from foreign oil companies and economic stimulus, natural gas drilling seems the obvious solution. However, substituting oil drilling with natural gas drilling is not as positive of an alternative as it may seem. Commonly known as fracking, the process of drilling for natural gas is fairly uncomplicated, yet it poses some serious risks. The process starts with geologists who identify types of rock that are most likely to contain natural gases within them. These gases began forming millions of years ago when layers of plant and animal matter decayed, and then became trapped by sand and silt that later turned to rock. Beneath the rock, heat and pressure acted together to turn this organic matter to coal, oil, and natural gas (Natural Gas Basics). However, unlike coal and oil which remain structurally trapped under the rock, most of the tiny bubbles of natural gas mainly composed of methane with butane and propane byproducts are absorbed into the micro-porous matrix of coal. This type of gas is called coalbed methane (Environmental Protection Agency). In order to access this energy-convertible methane, drilling companies have turned to a process called hydraulic fracturing. Its name basically explains the process; hydraulic means operated by the  pressure created by forcing water, oil, or another liquid through a comparatively narrow pipe or orifice, and fracturing is defined as to break or crack (Dictionary.com). Basically, a small crack in underground rock or coal is turned into a large crack using a water-based fluid pumped into the ground at a high pressure, so that the gas contained within the rock can more easily escape. The first step in the process is to drill a production well deep into the earth until it meets the coal seam that contains the gas. The next step is to make a connection between this well and the coal seam so that once the gas is released it has a structured means of transportation to the surface. This connection is made by creating or enlarging a fracture in the seam by pumping a thick fluid into the ground at a steadily increasing speed and pressure. Eventually, the rock will not be able to capacitate the fluid at the rate at which it is enteri ng the seam, and a fracture will ensue because of the high pressure. The size of the fracture depends on the features of the surrounding rock, the type of fracturing fluid, the pressure at which it enters the ground, and the depth of the coal seam. However, all contributing factors aside, a hydraulically created fracture will always take the path of least resistance through the coal seam and surrounding formations (Environmental Protection Agency). So in order to keep the fracture from being consumed again by the surrounding rock once the pumping of fluid is discontinued, a proppant usually sand is also pumped into the ground to prop the fracture open. Once the flow of injected substances has stopped, the open fracture filled with proppant becomes a discontinuity in the continuous pressure of the surrounding rock. When the gas contained within the rock is no longer being held under strict pressure it can escape, and the fracture functions as an avenue for deabsorbed gas to flow ba ck up the production well (Environmental Protection Agency). The risk mentioned in the opening paragraph does not manifest itself in the fracturing process itself, nor in the mere presence of fractures. The danger of this practice is based upon the consistency of the fracturing fluids. However, the recipes for these fracking cocktails are hard to come by, and thus measuring their true negative impact is difficult. Drilling companies strive to keep the chemical make-up of their fluids a secret so as not to lose their competitive edge. In a comment to ProPublica writer Abrahm Lustgarten, Diana Gabriel, a spokesperson for natural gas drilling pioneer Halliburton Energy Services Inc., stated, Halliburtons proprietary fluids are the result of years of extensive researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ We have gone to great lengths to ensure that we are able to protect the fruits of the companys researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. We could lose our competitive advantage (Abrahm Lustgarten). In an effort to keep their businesses viable and lucrative, companies have made an effo rt to publicly assure people that drilling fluids are mostly made up of non-toxic, even edible substances, and that when chemicals are used, they are just a tiny fraction of the overall mix a mix that can reach up to over a million gallons of liquid (Lustgarten). However, that small fraction as tiny as less than one percent of the total can actually end up as over 10,000 gallons of unknown chemicals being dumped into the ground. While many of these chemicals used remain unidentified, The Bureau of Land Management believes they can identify about 300 different compounds being used in fracking fluids, and of these suspect 300, 65 are considered hazardous by the federal government. The Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] has established several of these known chemicals as lubricants and biocides that with repeated exposure can be linked to kidney, liver, heart, blood, and brain damage. Most of the remaining 235 out of the 300 have not been studied so their negative affects cannot be predicted. Also, even if these chemicals really are only used in trace amounts as the drilling companies assert, scientists believe that even low doses of contact with them through contaminated drinking water can have damaging affects (Lustgarten). One instance of water contamination happened in July 2008 when a hydrologist took a water sample from a 300-foot water well in Sublette County, Wyoming near where drilling had been taking place. The sample contained brown, foul-smelling, oily water, and when tested it showed benzene a chemical found in gasoline and cigarettes, known to cause aplastic anemia and leukemia at 1,500 times the safe level for human ingestion. Another unsettling encounter with contaminated drinking water showed fluoride which although commonly used for medicinal purposes, can cause bone damage or even be fatal in high doses in drinking wells near drilling sites at nearly three time the maximum limit set by the EPA. Fluoride is listed on Halliburtons hydraulic fracturing patent applications, which those opposed to drilling would say leaves little room for doubt as to how the above mentioned fluoride ended up in drinking water. Spokespeople for drilling companies argue that the advent of high levels of th ese and other chemicals happened naturally or as a result of another catalyst. Thus far it has been a challenge to prove otherwise because of the secrecy surrounding the contents of the fracking fluids not even the EPA knows what is in them. Thus, it is hard for them to measure the relative safety of the use of these solutions in the ground. As a result, movements are being made by those who are concerned about the contamination of their drinking water towards requiring drilling companies to disclose the chemicals in their frac juice (Lustgarten). Natural gas drilling companies are not required to disclose the makeup of their fluids because of an exemption laid out in the 2005 Energy Policy Act. Signed into law by President George W. Bush on August 8, 2005, the act exempts oil and gas producers from certain requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act, which means that the EPA does not need to monitor water affected by drilling for possible health-risk-carrying contaminants (Energy Policy of 2005). This loophole is commonly known as the Halliburton loophole, because of the alleged involvement in its passage by former Halliburton CEO and then Vice President of the United States, Dick Cheney (Energy Policy of 2005). Validating this assertion, Benjamin Grumbles, a  former Bush-Cheney EPA  Assistant Administrator for Water, admitted his knowledge of foul play during an interview with ProPublica. In order for the exemption to be included in the bill, the EPA needed to be able to prove to lawmakers that the hydraulic fracturing p rocess was not dangerous, and therefore liable for an exemption, while also not digging themselves into a hole if their findings were later challenged. That is where Grumbles comes in: What came across clearly to the EPA was that the [Bush] administration did not want us to take a formal position of opposition to the exemption. It wasnt so much a pressure. It was just very clear, here is the situation: EPA officials or career staff are not to take a position of opposition or support for the legislationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I know the office of the vice president [Dick Cheney] was involved (Bill Wolfe). Representatives Diana DeGette and Maurice Hinchey seek to repeal this unfair and unfounded exemption by introducing the Fracturing Responsibility and Awareness of Chemicals [FRAC] Act. Commenting on the bill, DeGette said, Our bill simply closes an unconscionable Bush-Cheney loophole by requiring the oil and gas industry to follow the same rules as everyone else (Sarah Jones). Adding to her comment, another anti-drilling Representative, Jared Polis, said, It is irresponsible to stand by while innocent people are getting sick because of an industry exemption that Dick Cheney snuck in to our nations energy policy (Jones). While industry executives have strongly opposed this comment, one point that reporter Sarah Jones makes is extremely valid: if the gas industry is not doing anything harmful to the water ergo, if they have nothing to hide then why do they need to be exempt from regulations? In Jones opinion, and in the opinions of many others, these drilling companies have come up with an effective yet dangerous method of making millions of dollars; thus, the American people are saddled with the potentially disastrous consequences of Cheneys tsunami of massive and reckless special interest deregulation, whose sole motivation still appears to be the enrichment of the former vice presidents personal financial interests (Jones). The FRAC Act is being supported in the Sen ate by Frank Lautenberg of New Jersey, Chuck Schumer of New York, and Bob Casey of Pennsylvania. As a result of repealing its exemption, the Act would require public disclosure of fracking chemicals. It would also force drilling companies to adhere to the standards set by the Safe Drinking Water Act by modifying it to include hydraulic fracturing in its definition of underground injection. Lautenberg commented on the act saying, People have a right to know if chemicals are being injected into the ground near their homes and potentially ending up in the water supply. This bill will ensure that the [EPA] has the tools to assess the risks of fracking and require appropriate protections so that drinking water in New Jersey and other states is safe (Matt Fair). The FRAC Act is not the only major piece of legislation in the works that is pursuing regulation of natural gas. Three congressmen in the House of Representatives, led by Rush Holt, echoed Lautenberg and Caseys motions towards cleaning up drilling processes by introducing the BREATHE Bringing Reductions to Energys Airborne Toxic Health Effects Act. The act will undo additional exemptions from the Clean Air Act for oil and gas rigs, requiring them to meet air quality standards. Although this law will not impact hydraulic fracturing specifically, it will help create a sense of accountability for drilling companies who up to today have had to answer to next to no one. The act will also help clean up the pollution that ensues from the process itself. Noting this lack of monitoring by authorities, Holt said, Our loyalties shouldnt be with oil and gas companies our loyalties should be with families affected by fracking (Fair). Moving to bypass small preventative measures, Senator Linda Greenstein and two other legislators introduced a bill last year that would outlaw fracking completely in New Jersey if it passed (Fair). Additionally in New Mexico, a survey conducted in Santa Fe discovered hundreds of cases of water contamination from unlined pits where fracking fluids and other wastes are stored. As a result, the state has passed a one year moratorium on drilling around the city, until further research can be conducted (Lustgarten). Colorado has been fighting against natural gas drilling with the most gusto of any state, completing a complete rewrite of all drilling regulations in 2007 and moving towards requiring full disclosure of the exact make up of all fracturing fluids. An early compromise between the state and drilling companies was reached in August of 2008 when gas companies agreed to disclose the makeup of fracturing liquids only to health officials and regulators. This compromise was stimulated by news of an accident involving fracking fluid that nearl y killed Colorado nurse, Cathy Behr. While treating a hunter who had run in to a fracking fluid spill, she came in contact with the fluid. The hunter was eventually discharged, but shortly afterwards Behr was admitted into the hospital herself with multiple organ failure and in critical condition. In order to treat her in hopes of saving her life, hospital doctors asked to be informed of the chemicals she had been exposed to, but the gas company declined. The Behr incident inspired public outcry against the drilling industry, which moved companies to make concessions with the state. However, their partial disclosure deal was not as much progress as it was made out to be; a clause was included in the deal that would ensure that the disclosure agreement would only apply to chemicals stored in containers that could hold 50 gallons or more. So to avoid full disclosure it has been found that drilling companies often store their fracking fluids in smaller containers. This agreement was un fortunately the best deal that could be reached, because the three main fracking companies in Colorado threatened to leave the state if disclosure was forced upon them. Their absence would deprive the state of $29 billion in future gas-related tax revenue over the next ten years, so the state settled for a mediocre deal (Lustgarten). These anti-drilling legislative actions have been brought about by the rising awareness of the risks that the effects of drilling pose. Legislators, namely in Pennsylvania, seek to update their regulations so as not to allow their communities to fall victim to the negative effects of fracking (Risky Gas Drilling: Threatens Health, Water Supplies). Such negative effects fall into three main categories that are often interrelated: environmental, human, and animal risks. The most notable environmental risk of natural gas drilling is the pollution of ground water that it has been shown to cause. Fracking fluids leak into the surrounding water tables which then provides for the possibility of the chemicals leeching into drinking wells that are for human and animal use. Fracking is a suspect in polluted drinking water in Arkansas, Colorado, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia and Wyoming, where residents have reported changes in water quality or quantity following fracturing operations (Risky Gas Drilling: Threatens Health, Water Supplies). Although in their 2004 study on hydraulic fracturing the EPA asserted that it posed no threat to drinking water, there have been more than 1,000 documented cases of water contamination near drilling sites in Colorado, New Mexico, Ohio and Pennsylvania alone. More recently, the EPA has discovered that up to one third of injected fracturing fluids may stay in the ground subsequent to drilling. They have also a sserted that these fluids, specifically benzene, are likely to be transported by groundwater (Lustgarten). In September of 2008, tests performed on wells in Sublette County, Wyoming showed contamination in 88 of the 220 wells examined in an area spanning over 28 miles. Upon returning to these same sites at a later date, scientists were unable to even open the water wells because their monitors showed they contained so much flammable gas that they were likely to explode (Lustgarten). Although the State is aware of these risks, New York legislators are looking towards allowing drilling in the Marcellus Shale region of their state, which holds an underground abundance of natural gas. This region runs underneath a portion of the New York City watershed that provides pure, unfiltered drinking water (Risky Gas Drilling: Threatens Health, Water Supplies). Drilling in this area would leave over 9 million New Yorkers at risk of being exposed to and/or ingesting contaminated water (Risky Gas Drilling: Threatens Health, Water Supplies). Another problem regarding contaminated water arises not from underground drilling, but from chemical spills on the surface that allow fluids to seep into the water table from above. Accidental spills and leaky tanks, trucks and waste pits [have] allowed benzene and other chemicals to leach into streams, springs and water wells (Lustgarten). State records in Colorado have shown that between 2003 and 2008 over 1,500 fracking chemical spills have occurred, with 206 of those spills occurring in 2008. 48 of the 206 have been reported as linked to water contamination (Lustgarten). Beyond just water contamination, natural gas drilling threatens to pollute clean air and destroy natural landscapes. Inevitably, this damage to the environment caused by drilling will rapidly begin to disturb the inhabitants of that environment. As people must have a place to live, they are very much affected by the contamination of their surroundings. Because of the large-scale nature of drilling operations and the isolated landscapes where natural gas reservoirs often are found, rural communities end up being transformed into industrial zones. Even when done in compliance with existing regulations, natural gas production brings with it toxic waste, diesel fumes, traffic and wall-rattling noise all of which would be incredibly disruptive to people who are accustomed to pure, tranquil landscapes (Risky Gas Drilling: Threatens Health, Water Supplies). Besides just noise pollution and traffic which, while they can be annoying, are not life threatening the safety of those who live in close proximity to drilling sites can be in jeopardy. Because we are talking about natural gas, there is always the possibility of a fire or gas explosion. While safety procedures are in place to prevent this from happening, it can, and does hap pen (REPUBLIKID: The Pros And Cons Of Natural Gas Drilling In Pennsylvania and Central New York). Just the mere possibility that an explosion could occur is troubling, as a REBUBLIKID writer noted that fluid storage tanks and other drilling materials have been kept in residential areas, and even near a school (REPUBLIKID: The Pros And Cons Of Natural Gas Drilling In Pennsylvania and Central New York). There have been several documented cases of explosions. In one case, investigators deduced that the explosion of a house was caused by methane gas that entered the residential water supply. Fracturing provided a means for the gas to reach this water supply, as it forged underground passageways through which the gas could travel. In a similar case that occurred in December 2007, a house in Bainbridge, Ohio exploded in a fiery ball (Lustgarten). A study of the situation proved that hydraulic fracturing produced pressure that forced methane gas upward from its usual location of thousands of feet below the surface. The gas traveled through a series of cracks until it reached the groundwater aquifer, and eventually the tap water of the Bainbridge neighborhood. Investigators discovered that the neighborhoods tap water contained so much methane that the house ignited (Lustgarten). The most famous case of an explosion occurred at the home of Larry and Laura Amos in western Colorado. Just beyond the Amoses property line, the usual drilling for the day had commenced, when suddenly, less than 1,000 feet from their house, their drinking water well exploded like a Yellowstone geyser, firing its lid into the air and spewing mud and gray fizzing water high into the sky. State inspectors tested the Amos well for methane and found lots of it (Lustgarten). Following the incident, the family was assured that they were in no real danger, as long as they vented their house by keeping doors and windows open to ensure an explosion did not ensue as a result of more gas trapped inside th eir house. However, they were never warned that the water could possibly be seriously contaminated, even after it returned to its original color. Thus, the family continued to bathe in and drink the water, until three years later when Laura Amos was diagnosed with a rare adrenal tumor (Lustgarten). Concerned for her then three year old daughter, who had been bathed in the possibly polluted water daily as an infant, she began to challenge the state about the mysterious chemicals that might have been in her well. Laura contacted scientist Theo Colborn, whose studies on the affects of low-dose exposure to chemicals are considered the most comprehensive available (Lustgarten). In Colborns Congressional testimony to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, she expressed grave concern at her discovering that fracturing fluids contained the chemical 2-butoxy ethanol [BE-2]. She produced a long list of bizarre health effects that were possible at relatively low levels of expo sure, and explained that BE-2 is odorless, colorless, tasteless, and evaporates at room temperature. If this chemical were to surface as a gas or get into a drinking water supply, it could cause health problems in domestic and wild animals and humans that could baffle veterinarians or physicians (The Applicability of Federal Requirements to Protect Public Health). In what could be considered undisputable proof of the contribution of fracking fluids to Laura Amos condition, Colborn also noted that adrenal tumors, which are extremely rare, are known to be caused by exposure to this chemical (The Applicability of Federal Requirements to Protect Public Health). This is just one case, regarding one health issue, caused by one chemical; however, fracturing fluids contain hundreds of known and unknown chemicals that have been linked to dozens of other critical health problems. Colborn believes even very low doses of some of the compounds can damage kidney and immune systems and affect repr oductive development, which is very disturbing from a health standpoint, as millions of people already have been, or will be exposed to these chemicals in the future (Lustgarten). A third and final risk posed by natural gas drilling is the negative impact that the influx of drilling machinery and the contact with fracturing fluids has on animals. Drilling companies may need to clear forests and pave roads in order to have access to their drilling sites, which is disruptive to the natural habitat of wild animals. Animals may also flee when they encounter drilling machinery, as they perceive it as a new predatory. The combination of these two factors may lead to forced migration of animals to another area, which then starts off a chain reaction of wildlife related problems (REPUBLIKID: The Pros And Cons Of Natural Gas Drilling In Pennsylvania and Central New York). More than 25 million acres of wildlife habitat in the West have been leased by the Bureau of Land Management, and could potentially be opened to drilling, which would be devastating to the natural ecosystems there (Risky Gas Drilling: Threatens Health, Water Supplies). Contact with fracturing fluids t hrough contaminated water has proved to be extremely detrimental to animals, both wild and domestic. In one area of Wyoming, as drilling activity increased, mule deer numbers declined by 30 percent from 2000 to 2007 (Risky Gas Drilling: Threatens Health, Water Supplies). In Garfield County, Colorado, domestic animals that had produced offspring like clockwork each spring were no longer giving birth to healthy young (Lustgarten). In addition, a bull went sterile, and a herd of beef cows stopped going into heat, as did pigs. In the most striking case, sheep bred on an organic dairy farm had a rash of inexplicable still births (Lustgarten). All these peculiarities occurred near drilling waste pits, where wastewater that includes fracturing fluids is misted into the air for evaporation (Lustgarten). Many organizations are fighting against this devastation, as well as the other two types addressed above. The Natural Resource Defense Council especially is fighting to protect communities a cross the country from the pollution caused by natural gas production. By tightening loopholes in our bedrock environmental laws, banning drilling on sensitive lands and requiring the most stringent regulatory requirements wherever production does take place, we can help protect critical water supplies and other precious resources and keep our communities safe and healthy (Risky Gas Drilling: Threatens Health, Water Supplies). After addressing all these negative factors and reasons not to drill, a reader could be left wondering why companies do it at all. Below are some of the pros to the fracturing process that drilling companies stand behind. First is accessibility. The technological advances in the drilling process make extracting gas from previously inaccessible sites possible (Risky Gas Drilling: Threatens Health, Water Supplies). This new ability to tap into a previously nonexistent resource has been exciting for many, and as inspired a gold rush affect for those in the gas and oil business. The fracturing method allows gas to be collected from thousands of feet beneath the earth, a feat that, as of yet, can only be accomplished by hydraulic fracturing (Risky Gas Drilling: Threatens Health, Water Supplies). Secondly, natural gas drilling provides energy independence from foreign oil companies. More domestic drilling means less dependence on oil from terror sponsoring countries Like Saudi Arabia, and Iran, and socialist dictatorships such as Hugo Chavezs Venezuela (REPUBLIKID: The Pros And Cons Of Natural Gas Drilling In Pennsylvania and Central New York). Many would also agree that weaning the United States from dependence on oil would be good for everyones pocketbooks. According to T. Boone Pickens in a comment to ProPublica, natural gas is cleaner, cheaperà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦abundant, and ours. Gas is also more environmentally friendly than oil, as it emits 23 percent less carbon when burned (Lustgarten). Finally, the collection of natural gas provides economic stimulation. Drilling companies are always hiring, and they provide jobs that have an annual income of $40,000 a year. As many drilling sites are located in rural and often poor areas, that kind of salary is welcomed by struggling families. If plans for full-scale drilling in Pennsylvania and New York are carried out, thousands of such jobs could be created. Local employees and workers from out of town will end up spending much of their salary near the drilling site, stimulating the local economy and allowing local businesses to keep their doors open (REPUBLIKID: The Pros And Cons Of Natural Gas Drilling In Pennsylvania and Central New York). Land leases and taxes on drilling sites will generate income for the state, and landowners will receive royalties as high as 10 percent for relinquishing their lands to be leased for drilling (REPUBLIKID: The Pros And Cons Of Natural Gas Drilling In Pennsylvania and Central New York). When all of these factors are examined and weighed against each other, it is my personal opinion that the risks of drilling far override the benefits the health and safety of human beings should always have priority over money. However, the benefits certainly have merit, and provide a solution to several problems facing the American people today. If a safer drilling process could be developed without using harmful chemicals and with increased safety precautions to prevent explosions, natural gas drilling could possibly be the catalyst towards a better, more stable US economy.

absolutism Essay -- essays research papers

Absolutism as Primary Form of Government   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Absolutism became the primary form of government for many Europeans in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It appealed to so many for reasons the same as other governments. â€Å"Absolutists contended that social and political harmony would result when subjects obeyed their divinely sanctioned rulers in all aspectsâ€Å" (Text 594). Absolutists rulers felt God gave them their ability to teach the masses the proper ways to live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Absolutist rulers had several main goals for successive reign over the people. The first being to eliminate or weaken the national representative assemblies. Next rulers looked to gain support from small local and provincial assemblies. The nobility was always dependant on the king, meaning the king chose his nobility freely, without influence from any outside source. Lastly, nobility was in control and responsible for collecting taxes and other benefits for the king. â€Å"Despite it’s pretensions to represent a political theory, absolutism was fundamentally a mechanism designed to assist ambitious monarchs in their determination to increase their own power through conquest and display† (Text 598).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Louis the fourteenth was considered the quintessential absolutist because he truly assumed and embodied absolute control over France. He had very specific rules for politeness that were strictly applied t...

Sin, Guilt and Shame in The Pardoners Tale Essay -- The Canterbury Ta

   Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Pardoner's Tale," a relatively straightforward satirical and anti-capitalist view of the church, contrasts motifs of sin with the salvational properties of religion to draw out the complex self-loathing of the emasculated Pardoner. In particular, Chaucer concentrates on the Pardoner's references to the evils of alcohol, gambling, blasphemy, and money, which aim not only to condemn his listeners and unbuckle their purses, but to elicit their wrath and expose his eunuchism. Chaucer's depiction of the Pardoner in "The General Prologue" is unsparing in its effeteness; he has "heer as yelow as wax/ But smoothe it heeng as dooth a strike of flex/ By ounces heenge his lokkes that he hadde...But thinne it lay, by colpons, oon by oon" (677-681). The pale, lanky qualities of his hair relate to his androgynous makeup, and the repetition of "heeng" ironically foreshadows his castration. Further hints of the Pardoner's being a eunuch, such as "A vois he hadde as smal as hath a goot/ No beerd hadde he, ne never shold have," are interspersed between description of his "feined flaterye and japes" that accompany his selling of false relics (707). The assumption can be drawn that the Pardoner's status as a man is also one of "feined flaterye and japes," that he relies on words to compensate for what he considers a body as fraudulent as his relics. In this sense, the relics become a substitute for the Pardoner's loss of masculinity, yet also a symbol of his incompleteness. The Pardoner's need to flaunt them corresponds with his desire to boast of his hypocrisy, a preemptive, self-deprecating strike that ensures future resentment from his audience: "Thus can I preche again that same vice/ Which th... ... I wol thee helpe hem carye./ They shal be shrined in an hogges tord" (664-7). The Pardoner is speechless, and his repressed motive to expose the direct connection between his relics and his testicles is finally made by someone else. After the knight restores tranquillity, it leads one to wonder whether the Pardoner's underlying intent may have been to expiate his guilt and face his shame.    Works Cited and Consulted Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales in The Riverside Chaucer. General Ed. Benson, Larry D. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987.   Pichaske, David R.  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Pardoner's Tale." The Movement of the Canterbury Tales: Chaucer's Literary Pilgrimage.   New York:   Norwood Editions, 1977   Rossignol, Rosalyn.  Ã‚   "The Pardoner's Tale."   Chaucer A to Z: The Essential Reference to His Life and Works.  Ã‚   New York:   Facts On File, Inc., 1999   

Volpone, by Ben Jonson :: Free Essay Writer

Consider the end of the play, the lack of resolution in the Bonario - Celia relationship, the class based difference in the severity of Volpone and Mosca`s punishments, the situation in which Corbaccio, Voltore and Corvino are left. Do you find the ending just and in structure or are the unresolved situations disturbing? In the epistle of the play Ben Jonson states â€Å"it being the office of a comic poet to imitate justice.† It can be said that this is shown in the ending and that it is just and in structure as all the characters are punished in some way for their avarice and the â€Å"innocent† characters Bonario and Celia who in a way provide a contrast to the immoral selfishness, are set free and Celia is given back with three times her dowry money to her father. However there are unresolved issues left at the end of the play concerning these characters. One point of view would be that Celia and Bonario were secondary characters in the play used as virtuous characters to provide a distinction between the corruption and greed of Volpone. Mosca, Corvino, Corbaccio and Voltore, consequently making the problems concerning them as unimportant in context with the punishment or â€Å"justice† served by Jonson to Volpone. But then it is important to bear in mind that as these two ch aracters were so inherently good-natured that the reputation of them and lack of resolution can be regarded as disturbing. Another disturbing injustice can be viewed as the class based difference Mosca and Volpone`s punishments. Volpone is sent to â€Å"Thou art to lie in prison, cramped with irons, till thou be`st sick and lame indeed.† As he is â€Å"By blood, and rank a gentleman.† And is sent to the Hospital of the Incurables. Mosca, â€Å"Being a fellow of no birth, or blood.† Is sentenced to â€Å" first thou be whipped; Then live perpetual prisoner in our gallies.† This inequity can be seen as being based on the fact that Mosca is a parasite, in metaphorical terms a flesh fly who feeds of others: the lowest of the low. However, when one of the avocatore thought Mosca had inherited the money therefore moving up in status, as a clarissimo he had described Mosca as â€Å"A proper man! And were Volpone dead. A fit match for my daughter.† And is called a â€Å"gentleman.† This shows how differences in class make a difference for how the characters are treated i n punishment.

Information systems proposal Essay

In order for our nostalgic, brick and mortar record store to continue its success and remain afloat in today’s rough economy our first objective is to consider the right technology systems needed for our business. Information technology can help us in many ways. This includes keeping records of inventory, company payroll, sales, and tracking return customers. There are five types of systems in which would be helpful for us to look over and review. 1. Functional area IS- This system allows for automated payroll by tracking employee hours, tax rates, hire date, and personal information used by management. 2. Management information system- This system can produce reports summarized from transactional data. This will allow us to track inventory. 3. Transaction processing system- This is the point of sale terminal where customers purchase our merchandise, even at a self-checkout station. 4. Electric commerce system- This system gives us access to the web. With the web we are able to market and sell products electronically. 5. Enterprise resource planning- This system combines all functional areas within one database. All of the systems listed above will help the business even if some may pose a tiny drawback in certain areas. With our business being very physical, with a personal face-to-face customer experience, it would be best to have  many options that would benefit our business and our style of handling customers. Understanding these different systems will also help us improve our managing skills. The table below briefly describes the benefits and/or drawbacks within each system. System Benefits/Function Drawbacks Functional area IS Automated employee tracking (hours, personal info, etc.) Forged hours of work. Access to sensitive information Management information system Easy inventory tracking Transaction processing system Tracks all purchases made within the store Theft at self-checkout Electric commerce system Expand merchandise to the web for high profits Computer glitches, non-updated online stock Enterprise resource planning Easy access to all department data Access to sensitive information Although we run a very simple record store, it is extremely important to keep our technology and information systems updated. These are five different systems that are typically used in all stores that help management and employees serve their customers. Functional area IS. Tracking employee schedules and hours will help to pay the employees for their work or even prevent over paying them. A slight drawback may be forged hours of work where an employee could swipe out later than their worked hours. Management information system. This system provides easy inventory tracking. It makes summarized reports of all merchandise bought and sold from the store. This systems information could be automated  or manual, allowing employees or management to input data. Transaction processing system. This system is self-explanatory; it processes the transactions in the store. This is mostly done at the point of sale terminals operated by cashiers or at self-checkout stations. The only drawback I see would be theft. Automated self-checkouts may be too much for our store, but it would be good to keep it in mind. Electric commerce system. This system allows access to the web, allowing for electronic sales. Often times I have experienced online stores not being current with their online stock. This may go hand in hand with the management information system mentioned earlier. Enterprise resource planning. This system integrates all functional areas into one database. Easy access to any information needed would be helpful to management and employees. The only setback would be the ability to access unnecessary information that should only be seen by certain personnel. This system must definitely come with password access. In conclusion, implementing each of these systems at our record store will ensure proper operation from management and employees while still keeping our nostalgic, brick and mortar style. Understanding these systems is important, but upholding our flare of business is our key component. REFERENCES R. Kelly Rainer Jr. (2011). Information systems: Concepts and management. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, BIS220 website.

E-book and real book Essay

If you comp atomic subdue 18 tangible defend and e- defend, intimately of the people like echtistic disc than e- phonograph recording. Some of them think that translateing e- support is harming their eyeball or use real book for a decoration to show they are wisdom. Although real book has a genuine plate in peoples heart, e-book stand re belongings real book in a short snip in Hong Kong because e-books have nigh advantages that real book did non in the thingmabob aspect, economic aspect and operate of the book. depression is the restroom aspect. Will you bring a book when you hang out? in all probability you pull up stakes not but by and large your smart phone leave behind come you anywhere which mean you fag say the e-book in your smart phone anywhere. It is very(prenominal) convenience when you need to deal the e-books. How approximately when you do not need to read the book?Hong Kong is a scarce place with a huge population, not both people have a plac e to hold a huge number of real books. But holding e-book will not cause this kind of difficulty because you can save a cat valium of books in your tiny memory notice but not an unwieldy bookcase. to a fault after you finish read that e-book you can delete it and have the space again which will not cause the environs problem which you throw a real book On the economic aspect, give out a real book is more(prenominal) expensive than a e-book normally, because publish a real book need to carry up the printing fees, the toll of stinging materials etcetera which will cause a high prime cost and the cost will transfer to the customers.But the e-book did not need to add those printing fees, so the cost of the book can be reduce. Lastly is the function of the book. For the real book, the main(prenominal) function is to read which is just comparable as the e-book but actually some people like real book is only because the other functions of the real book to be a decoration which they will buy the books which they will never read and place it on the book shelf forever. I think this is a attaint to the book and the writer. For the e-book, it does not have that enchant function and it can have many a(prenominal) difference functions. One main function is to change the word size or the zoom in function, this function is convenience to the elderly or people with look disease which those people can well to read the book. Another one main function is the interaction function. This function can attract children to read book. Also lifetime and sound can be free-base in the e-book which is more attractive than the real book which only can hold words and pictures. It is not difficult to annunciate the future of e-books.

Adapting to Change

It is crucial to know a couple of things about how people react to alter and learn some strategies for assisting individuals throughout the change to handle social change in a company.Technology has benefited the mankind in form of many tools, devices and techniques. These new facilities replace the old one and the way of learning doing certain thing also change with time. Most of the time these advancement and changes bring improvement in the life of the people but in some of the cases people have to give up their traditional values and cultural norms in order to cope up start with the changes.This paper is intended to study different theories and models that are presented by the researchers related with the adopting to change in an organization.Changes could be the hardest to adjust to.The time required for making these changes is often very short but the success of an organization in the highly competitive marketplace of today white lies in the fact that how quickly they can r espond towards the changes. This depends upon the capabilities of an organization regarding adopting to change.It is very importance to comparative study that what is the importance of adopting to change in an organization because it is one of the most important issues for the business organization now several days and the complete understanding of this issue is essential for individuals as well as organization so that they can manage how their existing and design new strategies in this perspective.Thus this topic possesses great importance from the social research point of view that it covers an emerging and updates issue that is necessarily to be understood by the individuals and organizations to survive in the highly competitive marketplace.

Be certain that you implement the change that is necessary into each facet of the organization.1.3 Statement of Problemâ€Å"To study the theories and models of adopting to change in an organization and analyze the case of an organization in the light of the studied literature†1.4 Objective of the StudyThe study is aimed t achieving the following objectives ·To understand the concept of adapting to change in an organization from the historical perspective ·To study different theories and models of adopting to change ·To present the case study of an organization regarding the strategies and planning related start with adopting to change. 2.In reality, it is almost a workplace constant.   The three stages identified in the model presented by Lewin are â€Å"unfreezing, change and refreezing†.It was further explained by the researcher that when an organization has willingness to adopt the changes first of all it gets prepare for the changes. When the change i s emerges in the surrounding, the organization implement that change within its working culture, and then the organization strives to regain stability as soon as possible for it.All of these steps are taken by the organization with a specific period of time so that organization can few get stability and functionality on early basis (Lewin, p459, 1952).

Transition can occur quickly or gradually.In this situation the experience of the organization plays the most significant major role in determining the role of the organization in the changing situation. Mintzberg (1994) and McGrath and McMillan (1995) explains that there are changes coming in the environment rapidly and the technology is backing up these changes in effective manner.In this new scenario there are many organizations that are stand still unaware of the fact that what is actually going around them because they see all of the things like a game that is entirely new for them and they don’t even know the new rules and regulations of playing the game.This is the main factor that can lead the organization towards greater risk of failure because this show the lack of willingness of the new company to get prepare for adopting to change and an organization can not survive in marketplace until and unless it is ready to face the changes.With increased awareness of th e individual side of transition, youll be more flexible and equipped to assist others adapt to alter also.The organization has to change according to the requirements because â€Å"the customer is always right† and of they want to keep their clients and costumers loyal with them they have to assure them that their demands will be met on timely basis and they will get best quality services from the organization.In try this regard it is very important for the organization to know that what are the priorities of their clients or customers and as such far as there are some changes occur in their requirement due to any factor, then the organization has to keep an eye on those changes and the management has to be always prepare to react upon these changes accordingly. Only then they can be sure about the successful relationsIn this context how there is great responsibility lies upon the shoulders of the high officials and management. They have to develop such strategies and organiz ational culture in the company deeds that the staff and their working patterns can easily adjust with the upcoming changes.

No 2 people manage stress just the exact same way.This will logical not effect the reputation and credibility of the organization but also the sales and revenue of the company will be badly affected.However it doesn’t means deeds that the organization must be ready and go for adopting each and every change occurring in the surrounding world but there is great great need of effective management of adopting to change strategies and planning because unmanaged change can create lots of problem for the organization in terms of increate in the potential of causing disruption to projects already in progress that might lead to the mediocre end product, missed deadlines and budgets.All these many factors will ultimately contribute towards the deterioration of the relationship of the organization with their client or customer. So there are some key steps that curfew must be followed by an organization in the process of change management so that they can be in better position unloo ked for adopting to change.Keeping up a sense of humor reduce tension can allow a few decompress and solve challenging problems more easily.Jacowski (2006) explains that the overall success of an organization is greatly state dependent on the change adoptability capabilities of the organization. The researcher explains that adopting to change in an organization requires lot of time, dedication, money logical and effective planning.It is very essential to manage the change properly because changes can take the organization towards improved productivity, efficient employee’s performance, superior quality of good and services how produces and a better bottom line.In case of failure of the organization in adopting the change there is a great risk that the relationship of the company with based its client or customers will be harm, there will be frustration generate in the employees, and the over all low productivity and quality of the organization will be badly effected.

The ability is a significant quality for each one of us.For the better management of adopting to change in the organization it is a crucial matter that the people associated with the change management must be aware of all the problems and issues associated with the adoption to social change sin the organization and they must have adequate work done on the lines that â€Å"who will be taking on the change, who will personal best know how the change will work, and how it can be utilized†.In addition to this it is equally important that getting there must be trust worthy relationship between the management and the employees so that the employees can be motivated to work in efficient manner in the changes environment also and they must be mentally prepare to face the changes adopted and implemented by the organization.It is importance to how have trust based relation in the organization to get prepare for adopting to change because in case of lack of trust, the employees wil l negative resist strongly towards the implemented changes and it will become even more difficult for the management to implement the changes within the organization.Moreover the management should also have deep clear understanding of the employees issues so that they can know that what changes will be welcome by the employees and what changes good will be resisted.Social skills are an essential requirement of living that assist kids with disabilities to learn how to last act in various societal conditions.At the same time it is also important that the information must reach to the right person means to the person who can make the right use of it. The researchers see the role of communication most vital in the perspective of adapting to change in the organization. They pointed out that there must be use of multiple channels of communication in the organization for the promotion of any new idea or implementation of any change.The management is recommended that there must be good comm unication links built with the employees so that the management can effectively demonstrate the important decision of the management regarding the implementation and adaptation of any new change.

Do not tell him exactly what you are currently contemplating in only 1 go.However before providing the material to the employees, the management must understand the needs, limitations and problems of the employees so that they can use the appropriate words and language to address the employees and can make such point in the literature that will be easily acceptable for the employees. Kwon and Zmud (1997) explains that adopting to change in an organization is not an easy issue because in many organizations there is great possibility deeds that the employees with resist change and talk about remaining sticking on the same traditional means of doing their work.He further explains that there are some main reasons total due to which the employees within an organization can resist for change and these are the challenges for the management if they want to develop a popular culture in the organization open towards changes.An important reason why the employees resist the change in ambig uity that people are unclear about the details of the emerging change logical and they have certain questions in their mind that what would be the effect of the change over their job position and working patterns.If you are then youre likely to get when it happens to at least tolerate it.Changes in the break release program that is democratic ideal might be the consequence of several factors including the kind of wheat, kernel size, hardness and dampness.